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Microclimatic conditions as determinant of Vaccinium myrtillus pollination
Veljačiková, Hana ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Červenková, Zita (referee)
Climate change affects phenology and distribution of plants and animals and causes a mismatch in plant-pollinator interactions. These changes are clearly manifested in extreme environments such as mountains or the beginning of the growing season. Vaccinium myrtillus is an important temperate and boreal species, inhabiting and often dominating such environments where changes due to global warming are already appearing. Flowers start to appear in April and May at the very beginning of the growing season. Without pollination, flower will almost never form a fruit. When comparing fruit set, it is possible to observe whether the flower has been pollinated and thus the quality of pollination in given conditions. Using experiments on the mountain heath in the Brdy Protected Land Area, I found out how the quality of pollination differs in different microclimatic conditions. I compared fruit set of chosen flowers and seed set in their fruits. Flowers blooming at the end of the flowering season had the greatest success in fruit formation, when I recorded a greater number of pollinators in the experimental environment. V. myrtillus bloomed more intensively at the beginning of the flowering season. Even so, fewer fruits were produced from flowers at that time. Bumblebees abundance was correlated to fruit and...
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Breeding site fidelity in waterfowl
Kejzlarová, Tereza ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
The thesis is concerned in breeding site fidelity and focused on Anseriformes, especially Anatidae. Higher fidelity ratio in females than in males is an interesting pattern of breeding site fidelity in this bird group. On the contrary, an opposite pattern, i. e. higher fidelity ratio in males prevailed among other bird species. This study is aimed at describing this phenomenon and discussion of factors affecting fidelity ratio. Among, the most important factors, the importance of the previous breeding success and environmental conditions is underlined. The study includes data about fidelity ratio from 40 studies of breeding site fidelity in Anatidae.
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Effect of breeding fidelity on reproductive sukccess of diving ducks
Kejzlarová, Tereza ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Breeding site fidelity and its effect on reproductive success was investigated in two diving ducks species, i.e. Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) in the Trebon region and the surroundings using caught and individually marked females, searching for nests, and monitoring of marked individuals and its broods. In both studied species, the fidelity ratio (apparent survival, MARK software) was around 65 %. Evaluating the influencing factors, impact of previous reproductive success in the phase of rearing ducklings was found to be the only one statistically significant factor. Furthermore, we compared reproductive parameters (i.e clutch size, laying date, reproductive success) in the first and subsequent year of study. The statistically significant relationship was found between the timing of nesting in the first and in any subsequent year in the Tufted Duck . When comparing the reproductive success in relation to hatched or unhatched clutches and reared or not reared ducklings, we do not confirm any significant shift. Successful females were not able to improve or even repeat their reproductive success in the following years, which could result in subsequent lower degree of fidelity. Subsequently, there is a female dispersion and reduction of the reproductive success of...
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Reasons and consequences of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion into the inland waters of Europe and North America
Starý, Vojtěch ; Čech, Martin (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
Since the end of 1980s there is an ongoing massive invasion of fish from the family Gobiidae. The most widespread and aggressive of these fish is round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Its natural habitat is area around Black and Caspian Seas, but nowadays it is already common in most of the European rivers, Baltic Sea and in the system of the North American Great Lakes. The main reason of the spreading is transport of ballast water from its natural habitat. The success of its invasion is due to the high tolerance to various factors like temperature, salinity, amount of oxygen in water, food sources and bottom substrates. Presence of the round goby in newly invaded rivers is beneficial for fish-eating predators. On the other hand competitors are highly disadvantaged as they lose in the fight with round goby over food, shelters and places for spawning and therefore, they are forced to live in less suitable habitats which leads to the decrease of their abundance. In recently colonized areas the round goby has much higher abundance than in its original habitats. The highest abundance is in the North America, where the round goby is causing the most noticeable change in the ecosystem. For this reason it is extensively studied mainly in the North America. Keywords: Gobiidae, Neogobius melanostomus,...
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Effect of breeding fidelity on reproductive sukccess of diving ducks
Kejzlarová, Tereza ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Breeding site fidelity and its effect on reproductive success was investigated in two diving ducks species, i.e. Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) in the Trebon region and the surroundings using caught and individually marked females, searching for nests, and monitoring of marked individuals and its broods. In both studied species, the fidelity ratio (apparent survival, MARK software) was around 65 %. Evaluating the influencing factors, impact of previous reproductive success in the phase of rearing ducklings was found to be the only one statistically significant factor. Furthermore, we compared reproductive parameters (i.e clutch size, laying date, reproductive success) in the first and subsequent year of study. The statistically significant relationship was found between the timing of nesting in the first and in any subsequent year in the Tufted Duck . When comparing the reproductive success in relation to hatched or unhatched clutches and reared or not reared ducklings, we do not confirm any significant shift. Successful females were not able to improve or even repeat their reproductive success in the following years, which could result in subsequent lower degree of fidelity. Subsequently, there is a female dispersion and reduction of the reproductive success of...
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Breeding site fidelity in waterfowl
Kejzlarová, Tereza ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
The thesis is concerned in breeding site fidelity and focused on Anseriformes, especially Anatidae. Higher fidelity ratio in females than in males is an interesting pattern of breeding site fidelity in this bird group. On the contrary, an opposite pattern, i. e. higher fidelity ratio in males prevailed among other bird species. This study is aimed at describing this phenomenon and discussion of factors affecting fidelity ratio. Among, the most important factors, the importance of the previous breeding success and environmental conditions is underlined. The study includes data about fidelity ratio from 40 studies of breeding site fidelity in Anatidae.
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Numbers and survival of diving duck broods in fishpond systems in South Bohemia
Čehovská, Markéta ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Bílý, Michal (referee)
This paper is aimed at investigation of numbers of broods and ducklings of diving ducks and the individual reproductive success of marked females expressed by survival of ducklings. The studied area was located in fishpond systems of South Bohemian in the region of Třeboň, Soběslav, Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice. Between years 2014 and 2015, there were recorded 139 broods and 963 ducklings of Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), 140 broods and 948 ducklings of Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) and 47 broods and 312 ducklings of Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina). The most important environmental factor influencing their occurrence on the fishpond was water transparency. Brood numbers and numbers of ducklings are affected also by other environmental characteristics, such as water surface area, mean depth, number of islands and presence of surrounding wetlands and open landscape.
Monitoring individually marked females Common Pochard and Tufted Duck was carried out between years 2004 and 2015. It was found that the survival rate is the lowest in the hatchlings (from 1 to 10 day after hatching), overall survival probability was 0.395 for Common Pochard ducklings and 0.383 for Tufted Duck ducklings. Survival was negatively correlated with distance of duckling movements. The most frequent movements were within 2 km from the breeding fishpond, the maximum distance passed by broods was 5 km. The impact of environmental factors and intraspecific differences on surviving ducklings was not confirmed.
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Reproduction of \kur{Achillea millefolium} agg. and \kur{Achillea ptarmica} in meadows and verges
TOMŠOVÁ, Pavla
Several changes in land use during the last 50 years of 20th century had a significant impact on the composition of traditional meadows. The abundance of many plant species typical for traditionally managed meadows has declined. But some of these species have found a refuge in habitats such as field margins and road verges. The aim of this study was to describe how the reproduction success of two related Achillea species A. millefolium agg. and A. ptarmica depends on (i) the particular habitat in which they grow (meadow/verge); (ii) the abundance of pollinators in the study site; and (iii) timing of flowering within the season. Moreover, the longevity of individual flowers of the two taxa has been studied in order assess the width of the time frame the reproduction takes place in. These objectives were achieved by means of measuring plant total seed production and germination as proxies of reproductive success both in meadow and verge populations at the beginning, peak and end of the flowering season of the two species in 2012. The plants were chosen at plots, where concurrently a pollinator survey has been conducted as the part of the broader project. The durations of the male and female phases of individual flowers have been studied in separate experiments.
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[Population ecology of annual hemiparasitic species \kur{Melampyrum pratense.}
PRŮŠOVÁ, Monika
The thesis deals with the hemiparasitic species Melampyrum pratense. This species was monitored during the growing season 2009 and the relationship between morphological characteristics and reproductive success of plant individuals was assessed. The relationships between population density, the vegetative biomass and the investments in generative reproduction were investigated. Identity of the host species was determined using the DNA barcoding method.
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